Dongguan Leenz Electronics Co., Ltd

Outdoor Waterproof Omnidirectional Antenna: Placement Guide and Techniques for Optimal Signal Performance The antenna is the "eyes and ears" of any wireless communication system. Its placement and installation technique directly determine the coverage range and transmission quality of your signal. Even with a high-performance high-gain antenna, incorrect installation can lead to significant signal attenuation and a high Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). This ultimate guide will break down the crucial principles for selecting the best antenna installation location and share practical antenna signal optimization techniques, helping you achieve peak performance whether you are setting up a WiFi antenna, a 5G base station antenna, or an amateur radio rig. I. The Four Golden Rules for Optimal Antenna Placement Choosing the correct location is the first step toward maximizing antenna efficiency. 1. The Height Priority Principle Core Idea: Maximizing the antenna installation height is crucial for achieving better Line of Sight (LOS) transmission over longer distances. SEO Keywords: Antenna installation height, Line of Sight (LOS), Fresnel Zone. Techniques: Clear Obstacles: Ensure a clear path between your antenna and the target receiver, free from hills, tall buildings, or dense foliage. Maximize the Fresnel Zone: Avoid obstructions that encroach upon the primary energy area of the signal path, known as the Fresnel Zone, especially the inner 6/10 section. 2. The Distance-from-Interference Principle Core Idea: Minimize Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) from nearby electronic devices to keep the signal clean. SEO Keywords: Electromagnetic Interference (EMI), antenna signal noise, metal reflection. Techniques: Avoid Power Sources: Do not install the antenna directly near large electric motors, transformers, or high-voltage power lines. Minimize Reflection: Keep the antenna away from large metallic surfaces, such as metal roofs or air conditioning units, to reduce signal reflection and multipath effects. 3. The Structural Stability and Safety Principle Core Idea: Ensure the installation structure can withstand wind load and the weight of the antenna for long-term operational safety. SEO Keywords: Antenna wind load calculation, antenna lightning protection, antenna corrosion resistance. Techniques: Secure Mounting: Use high-quality, corrosion-resistant brackets, especially for outdoor antenna installations. Grounding and Lightning Protection: Install a professional lightning arrestor and grounding system for outdoor setups. This is a critical technique for protecting both equipment and personnel. 4. The Minimize Feeder Loss Principle Core Idea: The longer the feeder line (the cable connecting the antenna to the device), the greater the signal loss.

  The Ultimate Guide To Antenna Gain And Radiation Pattern Measurement in An Anechoic Chamber In the field of wireless communication, antenna performance is crucial to the success of any system link. The Anechoic Chamber serves as the professional testing environment, and is the sole location for the precise measurement of Antenna Gain and Radiation Pattern. This article will delve into the core principles of anechoic chamber measurements, provide a complete, practical operation procedure, and discuss the key techniques necessary to ensure measurement accuracy and reliability, helping your product data achieve greater professionalism and authority. Why is an Anechoic Chamber Essential for Antenna Measurement? Precise measurement of antenna gain and radiation patterns in a real-world environment necessitates the elimination of all potential interference and the simulation of an ideal free-space environment. 1. Elimination of External Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) The walls, ceiling, and floor of the anechoic chamber are enveloped by a metallic shielding layer (typically a Faraday cage structure). This structure effectively isolates external electromagnetic waves and radio frequency interference (RFI), ensuring the test environment has extremely low background noise so that measurement results reflect only the true performance of the Antenna Under Test (AUT). 2. Simulation of Ideal Free Space The interior of the anechoic chamber is lined with a large amount of Absorbing Material, typically pyramidal or wedge-shaped structures made of carbon-loaded polyurethane foam. These materials maximize the absorption of incident electromagnetic waves, thereby eliminating reflections from the walls, floor, and ceiling. This effectively simulates the operating environment of the antenna in ideal free space and prevents Multipath Fading from interfering with the measurement data. Core Measurement Principles: Gain and Radiation Pattern A thorough understanding of the physical meaning and measurement methods for these two metrics is fundamental to practical operations. 1. Antenna Gain Measurement Principle Antenna gain is a measure of an antenna's ability to concentrate input power in a specific direction. It represents directivity, not energy amplification. Definition: Antenna Gain (G) is defined as the ratio of the power density produced by the antenna in its maximum radiation direction compared to a reference antenna (usually an ideal isotropic antenna). The unit is typically dBi. Substitution Method: This is the most commonly used and highly accurate method. First, the power received by a Standard Gain Horn (SGH) is measured. Then, the SGH is replaced by the Antenna Under Test (AUT), and with all other conditions kept constant, the power received by the AUT is measured. By comparing the two sets of data, the gain of the AUT can be derived. Theoretical Basis: The theoretical basis for gain calculation is the Friis Transmission Formula, which describes the power relationship transferred between two antennas. where Pr and Pt are the received and transmitted power, Gt and Gr are the transmitting and receiving antenna gains, λ is the wavelength, and R is the distance between the antennas. 2. Radiation Pattern Measurement Principle The radiation pattern depicts the relative strength distribution of energy radiated or received by the antenna in different directions in space. It is a visual representation of the antenna's directivity. Measurement Core: The measurement system rotates the positioner carrying the Antenna Under Test (AUT) while simultaneously recording the signal strength received by the receiving antenna at each angular point. Key Parameters: Radiation pattern analysis yields several important parameters: Half-Power Beamwidth (HPBW): The angular width where the main lobe's amplitude drops to half of its maximum value (-3dB). Side-Lobe Level (SLL): The ratio of the maximum power of the side lobe to the maximum power of the main lobe. Polarization: Measurement of the antenna's response to different polarization directions. Practical Operation Procedure: The Eight-Step Chamber Measurement Protocol A standard, precise antenna measurement requires strict adherence to the following steps to ensure data accuracy and repeatability. Instrument Calibration and Setup: Strict S-parameter calibration of equipment such as the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is performed to ensure impedance matching at the measurement ports. Determining Far-Field Conditions: Ensure the testing distance R satisfies the far-field condition R≥2D2 /λ. This is a prerequisite for obtaining accurate gain and radiation patterns. Antenna Under Test (AUT) Installation: Mount the AUT onto the positioner using low-dielectric constant support materials, ensuring the antenna's phase center is precisely aligned with the positioner's rotation center. Standard Gain Horn (SGH) Setup and Calibration: The SGH serves as the reference benchmark; it is precisely installed, and its known gain data is input into the measurement software. Radiation Pattern Data Acquisition: Set the rotation step size. The positioner begins rotating along the azimuth and elevation axes, and the system automatically records the received signal power, collecting data for at least two mutually perpendicular planes. Antenna Gain Calculation: The software automatically calculates the AUT's absolute gain using the received power data from the substitution method, combined with the Friis Transmission Formula and the SGH's known gain. Data Post-Processing and Analysis: The raw data is smoothed and corrected (e.g., for cable loss). Key parameters such as HPBW, SLL, and FBR are automatically extracted. Generation of a Professional Measurement Report: All measurement parameters, setup details, test conditions, equipment calibration status, etc., are integrated to form a complete and traceable professional report. Challenges and Solutions: Ensuring Measurement Accuracy and Reliability Even in an ideal anechoic chamber, ensuring the final antenna measurement data is accurate and reliable requires specialized technical handling and strict quality control. 1. Eliminating Cable and Connector Loss Challenge: Feeder cables and connectors introduce signal attenuation (loss), which can affect the precision of the gain value. Solution: Port calibration and de-embedding operations must be performed using the VNA. By accurately measuring the cable loss at the operating frequency and subtracting it from the final result, the gain data is ensured to reflect the intrinsic performance of the antenna. 2. Far-Field Error and Near-Field Correction Challenge: For large antennas or low-frequency measurements, strictly satisfying the far-field condition may require an impractically large chamber space. Solutions: Compact Range Antenna Test System: Utilizes a parabolic reflector to shape the beam from a near-field source into a quasi-plane wave, simulating far-field conditions within a smaller anechoic chamber. Near-Field to Far-Field (NF-FF) Transformation: If only near-field measurement is feasible due to chamber constraints, complex mathematical algorithms (such as planar, cylindrical, or spherical near-field scanning) are used to calculate and derive the equivalent far-field radiation pattern and gain. 3. Preventing Positioner and Support Structure Scattering Challenge: Metallic components used to support and rotate the AUT can scatter electromagnetic waves, distorting the radiation pattern. Solutions: Use low-dielectric constant, low-loss foam or polystyrene materials as antenna support structures. Utilize the Anechoic Chamber Background Subtraction technique: The background field (with only the stand and positioner) is measured first, and then subtracted from the antenna measurement to purify the data. Conclusion and Call to Action Accurate antenna performance measurement is the cornerstone for ensuring your wireless products succeed in the market. We are well-versed in overcoming various testing challenges, ensuring that the data you receive is credible, traceable, and compliant with international standards. Do you require high-precision, error-free antenna test data to accelerate your product launch? We possess top-tier anechoic chambers and a team of experienced professional engineers.

4G vs 5G Antennas: Key Differences, Performance & Future Trends As the advancements of the 4G era still continue, 5G is already on the horizon. The advancements in speed, efficiency, and capability given by mobile devices in a short time are amazing. This article helps readers how to understand the differences between 4G and 5G antennas and their features. It will represent a significant leap in connectivity, speed, and capability, in the wireless communication technology evolution from 4G to 5G. Enabling these wireless systems has actually been made successful by the antennas. This article goes on to explain all the differences in the frequency bands, types, various advantages and disadvantages that are associated with both 4G and 5G antennas, and their features regarding latency, capacity, throughputs, and energy efficiency. It also examines the application scenarios and future trends of the same, indicating how antennas are the backbone of modern telecommunications. Comparison Table: 4G Antennas vs. 5G Antennas A. Electrical Characteristics Frequency 900-930MHz S.W.R. 17dB Impedance 50Ohm Max. Power 50W B. Material & Mechanical Characteristics Connector Type N Female connector Dimension 256*256*40mm Radome material ABS Weight 1.0Kg C. Environmental Operation Temperature - 40 ˚C ~ + 85 ˚C Storage Temperature - 40 ˚C ~ + 85 ˚C Operation Humidity ＜95% Rated Wind Velocity 36.9m/s 2. Antenna - S Parameter Test Data Table of Contents What is a 4G antenna? What is a 5G antenna? Frequency Bands Antenna Types Advantages of 4G Antenna and 5G antenna Disadvantages of 4G Antenna and 5G antenna Latency Capacity and Throughput Application Scenarios Energy Consumption Conclusion What is a 4G antenna? 4G is the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications technology. Compared to previous generations, this 4G wireless mobile communication technology is featured with higher data transfer rates, more stable network access, and increased voice and video call capabilities. 4G networks can allow upload rates of up to 50 Mbps and download speeds of up to 100 Mbps. Since it gives low latency and negligible buffering, users can access data-intense applications, online gaming, and HD video streaming on mobile devices with ease. An antenna for 4G is specially meant for receiving and sending signals in the 4G cellular network, 4G antenna is used for enhancement in signal strength and coverage of a 4G network to increase faster and reliable data transfer rates. These antennas support Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs (MIMO) technologies that offer high-speed data and better spectrum efficiency. 4G antennas normally serve with wide-area coverage, relatively small speeds, and reliability; they usually operate within frequency ranges from 700 MHz up to 2.6 GHz. In order to enhance connectivity and network performance, 4G antennas are often deployed to those areas, either rural or remote, where the signals are pretty weak or unstable. What is a 5G antenna? 5G is the fifth generation of wireless cellular network technology. Basically, this can be mentioned as the replacement for 4G LTE, coming with a higher capacity, less latency, and faster speeds comparatively. 5G network is required by applications such as virtual reality, enhanced reality, autonomous cars, and the Internet of Things (IoT) using high-frequency bands and complex antenna technologies to achieve faster data rates. A 5G antenna plays an important role in providing high-speed and low-latency connectivity in 5G network architecture devices for transmitting and receiving signals. These antennas support advanced technologies such as beamforming, massive MIMO, and millimeter-wave (mm Wave) frequencies to enable high-standard features. Mainly they operate in the frequency ranges of the sub-6 GHz to mmWave (24 GHz and higher). This antenna for 5G wireless communication, transmitting and receiving signals in both the mm Wave and sub-6GHz frequency ranges, helps to maintain its features. The 5G antennas depend on the frequency range and specific requirements of the 5G network. Frequency Bands 4G antenna frequency range 4G antennas are designed to operate between 700 MHz and 2600 MHz frequency bands, allowing all over the world. However, specific bands may vary by region and network provider. The antenna’s overall performance is impacted by its frequency band, which is essential in establishing the coverage area and signal penetration through obstacles. The most used frequency bands which are for 4G networks are: 700 MHz (Band 12/13/17), 800 MHz (Band 20), 900 MHz (Band 8), 1800 MHz (Band 3), 2100 MHz (Band 1), 2600 MHz (Band 7) These bands are utilized by many 4G technologies such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long-Term Evolution). Precisely which frequency bands will be used by a 4G antenna depends on both the network provider and the area in which it is being used. 5G antenna frequency range Depending on the application, a large range of frequencies are used by the 5G, including sub-6 GHz bands and mmWave bands (24 GHz and higher). Sub-6 GHz: This involves frequencies such as 600 MHz, 2.5 GHz, and 3.5 GHz which are all below 6 GHz. These kinds of frequencies are relatively good at penetrating through walls and other barriers; they can be used to provide wide area coverage. mm Wave (millimeter wave): This covers the frequencies above 24 GHz, like 28 GHz and 39 GHz. These frequencies have limited coverage, are easily blocked by obstructions, but are used for high-speed communications over short distances and offer very high data transfer rates. The low, mid, and high frequency bands are another way to categorize 5G. For optimal performance, 5G can utilize more frequencies in all three bands, and it can potentially use multiple frequencies simultaneously. Because of this, 5G bands are more adaptable than earlier cellular generations and offer better coverage and dependability. Each frequency band has distinct characteristics and capabilities. 1. Low Band: Compared to other bands, low band 5G offers more coverage but slower data throughput because it uses frequencies lower than 1 GHz. Long-distance signal transmission and signal penetration through obstructions like trees and buildings are features of low-band antennas. Generally speaking, they are bigger and have a lesser gain than higher-frequency antennas. 2. Mid-Band: The frequencies used by mid-band 5G range from 1 GHz to 6 GHz. With a smaller coverage than a low band, it provides faster data rates while maintaining a balance between capacity and coverage. Mid-band antennas offer a better gain and are smaller than low-band antennas. They are frequently utilized in cities to give many customers access to fast internet. 3. High Band: mmWave (millimeter Wave), or high band 5G, refers to 5G on frequencies higher than 24 GHz. While it has a very limited-service area and is blocked by buildings and other obstacles easily, it offers very high speeds. High-band antennas are small in size and have very high gain to make up for the restricted coverage. These are usually installed in very populated cities and offer extremely fast, low-latency connectivity. The exact frequency range may change since different countries and regions may use different frequency bands for 5G. Antenna Types Overview of common 4G antenna types MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) Antenna With this type of 4G antenna, it uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to increase data speeds and reliability. To provide extremely high data rates, 4G mobile networks uses MIMO technology in both the uplink and downlink channels. The foundation of MIMO technology is the use of several antenna systems in both the base station and the mobile terminal. Beamforming: Send signals directly to users to increase capacity and coverage. Beamforming technology, a sophisticated signal processing technique, is used by 4G antennas to guide the energy of the transmission to a particular user or device. In addition to improving coverage quality and signal efficiency, this also lowers interference and energy waste. Overview of 5G antenna types Massive MIMO: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) technology is typically used in 5G antennas. By employing dozens or even hundreds of broadcast and receive antenna elements, this technology boosts network capacity and efficiency, enabling the simultaneous service of more customers. Compared to 4G’s MIMO technology, this represents a major increase in the quantity and complexity of antennas. Small Cells: 5G antennas can be made smaller and more compact since high-frequency transmissions have shorter wavelengths. This makes it possible to deploy them more freely in a range of settings, including interior facilities, building surfaces, and light poles. Advantages of 4G Antenna and 5G antenna 4G Antennas Wide area coverage: Compared with traditional Wi-Fi routers, 4G antennas can offer a larger coverage area. This ensures that users experience minimal signal degradation even at greater distances from the network source. This is especially helpful in places where broadband service is limited or in remote locations where wired internet connections might not be accessible. Mature technology with established infrastructure The installation and configuration of the 4G antenna is much simpler compared to the 5G antenna. They can be connected to a computer or network easily by an ethernet cable or USB port, and they frequently come with direct instructions. Therefore, they are a good practical choice for users who are not technology proficient or who do not prefer to handle the work hassle of setting up a conventional internet connection. Cost-effective deployment 4G antennas may be an affordable option, for the users without access to or users unwilling to pay for a standard internet connection. These usually provide data plans that are adjustable and let customers select how much data they use and make their bill appropriately. Users with variable internet usage patterns or those who only need internet connection for a short period of time usually find this especially helpful. Reliability

3G/4G/5G Outdoor Waterproof Omnidirectional Antenna With its core advantages of multi-network compatibility, omnidirectional coverage, and waterproof and weather-resistant properties, the 3G/4G/5G outdoor waterproof omnidirectional antenna has become a key device for solving the problems of weak outdoor signals and unstable communication. Designed specifically for harsh outdoor environments, this antenna can seamlessly adapt to multiple generations of mobile communication networks (3G, 4G, and 5G), providing stable and efficient signal transmission support for outdoor monitoring, smart security, IoT devices, emergency communications, and other scenarios, comprehensively meeting the outdoor communication needs of different users.   Omnidirectional signal coverage is one of the core highlights of this antenna. Unlike directional antennas that can only focus signals in a specific direction, the 3G/4G/5G outdoor waterproof omnidirectional antenna adopts an omnidirectional radiation design, radiating signals uniformly in all directions (360 degrees) from the antenna center, providing wider coverage without directional limitations. This characteristic gives it a significant advantage in open outdoor areas and complex terrain. Whether deployed at a high point in a park, in rural base station coverage areas, or at outdoor work sites, it ensures stable signal reception for terminal devices within a certain range, effectively solving the problems of limited coverage and numerous dead zones associated with directional antennas, and greatly improving the flexibility and reliability of outdoor communication. Superior waterproof and weather-resistant performance is the core guarantee for its adaptability to outdoor environments. The antenna adopts a high-level waterproof design, with a shell made of highly weather-resistant engineering plastics or metals. Through rigorous sealing treatment, the waterproof rating reaches IP65 and above, effectively resisting the intrusion of rain, dew, and dust. Even under extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, heavy snow, high temperatures, and severe cold, it can maintain stable operation. At the same time, the antenna also has characteristics such as UV resistance, corrosion resistance, and impact resistance, enabling it to adapt to different regional climate differences. Whether in humid coastal environments, arid and windy northwestern regions, or high-temperature and sun-exposed outdoor sites, it can operate stably for a long time, significantly reducing the impact of outdoor environments on the equipment's lifespan.   Multi-network compatibility gives it strong versatility and forward-looking capabilities. This antenna, through optimized internal circuit design and frequency band planning, can comprehensively cover the core operating frequency bands of multiple generations of networks, including 3G (TD-SCDMA/WCDMA), 4G (TD-LTE/FDD-LTE), and 5G (NR), and is compatible with the communication networks of mainstream operators in the market. This means that users do not need to frequently replace antennas according to network upgrades, meeting the stable usage requirements of the current 4G network while smoothly transitioning to the 5G network, effectively reducing the cost of equipment upgrades. In addition, the antenna also has excellent signal gain performance, enhancing signal reception and transmission capabilities. In scenarios with weak signals, such as remote mountainous areas and outdoor work areas, it can significantly improve the signal strength and communication speed of terminal devices, ensuring clear voice calls and smooth data transmission.   Regarding installation and application, the 3G/4G/5G outdoor waterproof omnidirectional antenna features a simple design and convenient installation, supporting various installation methods such as pole mounting and wall mounting, adapting to different outdoor installation scenarios. It is widely used in many fields: in the field of smart security, it provides stable network support for outdoor surveillance cameras to ensure real-time transmission of surveillance images; in the field of the Internet of Things, it helps outdoor sensors and smart devices to achieve data interconnection and interoperability, supporting the implementation of smart agriculture, smart transportation and other scenarios; in the field of emergency communication, it can quickly deploy and build temporary communication links to ensure smooth communication in scenarios such as disaster relief, large-scale events and other scenarios.